Authors: Todd P. Hubbard, Brenda D. Salgado, April Millaway-Axton

ISBN:  979-8-9875140-3-0

About the Authors:

Todd P. Hubbard, B.S., M.S., Ed.D., Lt. Col. USAF (ret)

Todd is the Clarence E. Page Professor of Aviation at the University of Oklahoma, joining the School of Aviation Studies in 2012. He earned his Bachelor of Arts in History from Oklahoma State University and was commissioned into the United States Air Force in May 1974 and retired from the USAF in 1995. During his USAF career, he flew and commanded the KC-135, T-37 trainer, U-2R, TR1-A aircraft. His certificates and rating include, Gold Seal flight instructor, Functional Check Pilot (T-37), Instructor Pilot (Single Engine (U-2R); Multi-Engine Instrument in T-37). Todd’s flight experience includes nearly 2,300 hours in the KC-135 and T-37 and more than 1,100 hours in the U-2R, TR-1A, and U-2C models of the high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft from worldwide locations. He served as commander of Loring Maine's T-37 accelerated copilot enrichment program, twice commanded the 4402^nd Reconnaissance Squadron (provisional) at King Fahad Air Base, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and commanded the Services Squadron at Beale AFB CA. As a U-2 high altitude reconnaissance pilot, he flew 60 missions on behalf of the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the United Nations, foreign customers, and theater commanders in all worldwide regions. He served as a Reconnaissance Staff Officer for NATO (1989-1992). As a Tactical/Evaluation observer pilot for NATO, he flew evaluation missions in the RF-4C and RF-16. Todd earned his MS from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (international campus) in 1987. Following USAF retirement, he worked as an instructional designer/programmer and E-3AWACS pilot simulator for the Boeing Company in Midwest City OK and was a contract instructional systems designer for the University of Oklahoma, building courseware for Federal Aviation Administration air traffic controllers at the Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center in Oklahoma City. In 2000, Todd earned his EdD from Oklahoma State University and performed postdoctoral research at the FAA Academy (2000-2007), where his work on computer-based scoring of best practices in air traffic control was published in the International Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education and Research (2007). Todd served as editor-in-chief of three scholarly journals from 2001 to 2015, performed lecturer duties at the FAA Academy from 2005 to 2017, and has written articles, books, and book chapters on situation awareness, aviation mental health, pilot selection, and pilot psychological assessment.

Brenda Salgado

B.B.A. in Marketing, University of Oklahoma

M.Ed. Adult Education, University of Central Oklahoma

D.Ed. Education/Aviation & Aerospace Education, Oklahoma State University

Brenda Salgado is an Associate Professor in the School of Aviation, College of Atmospheric & Geographic Sciences, at the University of Oklahoma. With a Bachelor of Business Administration/Marketing, a Master of Education/Adult Education, and a Doctor of Education/Aviation & Aerospace Education, she has served in education for over 30 years in technical training, curriculum development, and instructional program design.

Dr. Salgado began her career in aviation in the Training Division as an Employee Development - Personnel Management Specialist for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center (MMAC). She has served as an Instructional Systems Specialist contractor for the FAA Regulatory Standards Technical Instructional Support Services at the FAA Academy.

Brenda also has a background in law enforcement as a Criminal Intelligence Analyst for the Oklahoma Information Fusion Center, which serves as the focal point for collecting, assessing, analyzing, and disseminating terrorism intelligence and other criminal activity information related to Oklahoma. Her experience in this position and office wase supported by the Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation and the Oklahoma Department of Homeland Security.

April Millaway-Axton, B.A. and M.A.

April joined the faculty at the University of Oklahoma in the College of Professional and Continuing Studies in 2017 and the School of Aviation in 2020 with a full-time appointment granted in the School of Aviation in 2023. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in English from the University of Oklahoma in 1999, a Master of Arts degree in Higher Education Administration from Texas A&M University in 2002 and is pursuing a Doctor of Education degree in Aviation and Space Science from Oklahoma State University with an expected graduation date of 2024. In addition to her faculty position, April is responsible for leading a national research consortium of over 65 academic and industry partners dedicated to prototyping and testing advanced training technology solutions for pilots, air traffic controllers, maintenance technicians, safety inspectors, and human factors engineers employed by the Federal Aviation Administration. She is the first OU faculty member to author, capture, and lead an FAA Center of Excellence program in the State of Oklahoma as well as was instrumental in working with the OU Office of the Vice President of Research and Partnerships and the Oklahoma Aerospace and Defense Innovation Institute to author, capture, and develop the infrastructure for Boeing’s research collaboration with the OU School of Computer Science. Since 2016, April has secured $25 million dollars in aviation, aerospace, and defense grant and contract funding from the Federal Aviation Administration, Oklahoma Aeronautics Commission, and Boeing. She has served as a liaison to the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma’s FAA UAS Integration Pilot Program and Beyond Program. April is certified in assessing and coaching professionals and individuals using the Emotional Intelligence 2.0 and 360 Leadership Inventory and Assess report tools. Her research focus areas include 1) the cognitive impact of high-risk decision making on pilots and air traffic controllers, 2) results of inexperience and fatigue on the response time and performance of pilots in high-risk decision-making (e.g., engine failure, flight deck malfunctions, human-machine interface challenges, pilot/ATC communications, and severe weather), and 3) the safe integration of unmanned aircraft systems and urban air mobility vehicles into the National Airspace System.